X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)

A surface analysis technique that uses X-rays to irradiate a material and measure the kinetic energy of ejected electrons.

How It Works
  • X-ray irradiation
    A beam of X-rays is directed at the sample surface
  • Photoelectric effect
    The X-rays eject electrons from the sample atoms, depending on their biding energy.
  • Electron detection
    The ejected electrons are collected and analyzed based on their kinetic energy, which is then used to identify the elements present.